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Civil society: Civil society encompasses non-governmental organizations, community groups, and individuals outside of government and commercial sectors. It plays a crucial role in social, political, and cultural activities, often advocating for public interests.
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Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments.

 
Author Concept Summary/Quotes Sources

Philip Pettit on Civil Society - Dictionary of Arguments

Brocker I 859
Civil Society/Pettit: Unlike and more concrete than Rawls, Pettit has forces in mind that demand and promote a competitive democracy. Pettit recognizes them in "civil society". For him, these are "extrafamilial, infrapolitical association[s]".(1)
Cf. >J. Rawls
, >Democracy, >Society/Rawls.
The Republican cause therefore remains dependent on the support of politically sensitive individuals and groups committed to the common good and endowed with an idea of "good governance".
Civil Society/PettitVsTradition: compared to traditional theories, which in many cases had placed the political-educational function in the foreground, which, through political participation from individuals, shapes state-carrying citizens by showing their interest and sensitivity for the
Brocker I 860
common political concerns and encourages them to participate, Pettit sees no need for information about how this sensitization for the common good can be acquired and trained.
>Participation, >Common good.
Pettit simply assumes the potential of civil society. Pettit then comes up with a new term as a solution:
"Untouchable Hand"/"intangible Hand"/Terminology/Pettit: a non-materializable force that emerges from the citizenry itself and contributes to the creation of critical public attention that encourages sceptical observation of political events and to use democratic opposition at the right moment to a state action that deprives freedom.(2)
SellersVsPettit: the question remains, where do the forces come from, which only lead to a constitutional order oriented towards an imagined common good. (3)

1. Philip Pettit, Republicanism. A Theory of Freedom and Government, Oxford 1997, p. 242
2. Ibid. p. 254.
3. Mortimer Sellers, »The Republican Manifesto«, in: Santa Clara Law Review 39/1,1998, p. 365.

Emanuel Richter, „Philip Pettit, Republicanism“, in: Manfred Brocker (Hg.) Geschichte des politischen Denkens. Das 20. Jahrhundert. Frankfurt/M. 2018

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Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments
The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition.

Pett I
Ph. Pettit
Just Freedom: A Moral Compass for a Complex World New York 2014

Brocker I
Manfred Brocker
Geschichte des politischen Denkens. Das 20. Jahrhundert Frankfurt/M. 2018


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